PRACHIN BHARAT NO ETIHAS (HISTORY)
The
History of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization, more
precisely known as Harappan Civilization. It flourished around 2,500 BC, in the
western part of South Asia, what today is Pakistan and Western India. The Indus
Valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of
Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Nothing was known about this civilization
till 1920s when the Archaeological Department of India carried out excavations
in the Indus valley wherein the ruins of the two old cities, viz. Mohenjodaro
and Harappa were unearthed. The ruins of buildings and other things like
household articles, weapons of war, gold and silver ornaments, seals, toys,
pottery wares, etc., show that some four to five thousand years ago a highly
developed Civilization flourished in this region.
The Indus valley civilization
was basically an urban civilization and the people lived in well-planned and
well-built towns, which were also the centers for trade. The ruins of
Mohenjodaro and Harappa show that these were magnificent merchant cities-well planned,
scientifically laid, and well looked after. They had wide roads and a
well-developed drainage system. The houses were made of baked bricks and had
two or more storeys.
The highly civilized Harappans
knew the art of growing cereals, and wheat and barley constituted their staple
food. They consumed vegetables and fruits and ate mutton, pork and eggs as
well. Evidences also show that they wore cotton as well as woollen garments. By
1500 BC, the Harappan culture came to an end. Among various causes ascribed to
the decay of Indus Valley Civilization are the recurrent floods and other
natural causes like earthquake, etc.
PRACHIN BHARAT History
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